![]() ![]() The essence of this subject is the careful and compact statement of the conservation principles, along with the flux expressions, with emphasis on the similarities and differences among the three transport processes considered. Long regarded as a rather mathematical subject, transport phenomena is most important for its physical significance. Designation of some sections as optional (0) and other as advanced (a) may be helpful to students and instructors. The elementary course, in turn, can be divided into one course on momentum transfer, and another on heat and mass transfer, thus providing more opportunity to demonstrate the utility of this material in practical applications. Enough material has been included for two courses, one introductory and one advanced. Moreover, we have found in discussions with colleagues that transport phenomena is taught in a variety of ways and at several different levels. While we have included many representative examples, our main emphasis has, of necessity, been on the fundamental aspects of this field. ![]() Evolution of transport phenomena has been so rapid and extensive that complete coverage is not possible. This development, in turn, less than half a century old, continues to grow and to find applications in new fields such as biotechnology, microelectronics, nanotechnology, and polymer science. W h i l e momentum, heat, and mass transfer developed independently as branches of classical physics long ago, their unified study has found its place as one of the fundamental engineering sciences. Byron (Robert Byron), 1924Transport phenomena / R. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bird, R. To order books or for customer service please call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (508)750-8400,fax (508)750-4470.Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212)850-6011,fax (212)850-6008,E-Mail. This book is printed on acid free paper.Ĭopyright O 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and printed and bound by Hamilton Printing. New York / Chichester / Weinheim / Brisbane / Singapore / TorontoĪcquisitions Editor Wayne Anderson Marketing Manager Katherine Hepburn Senior Production Editor Petrina Kulek Director Design Madelyn Lesure Illustration Coodinator Gene Aiello This book was set in Palatino by UG / GGS Information Services, Inc. Lightfoot Chemical Engineering Department University of Wisconsin-Madison This Page Intentionally Intentionally Left Left Blank Note: the differential operations may not be simply generalized to curvilinear coordinates see Tables A.7-2 and A.7-3. **.DIFFERENTIAL OPERATIONS FOR SCALARS, VECTORS, AND TENSORS IN CARTESIAN COORDINATESĭ2vz d2v, d2vZ +-az2 ,= ,= ax2 + dvx dvx dvx ,= vx dx + vY dy + v, dz. Descriptions of curvilinear coordinates are given in Figures 1.2-2, A.6-1, A.8-1, and A.8-2. Note: The above operations may be generalized to cylindrical coordinates by replacing (x, y, z ) by (r, 6, z), and to spherical coordinates by replacing (x, y, z) by ( r, 6, 4). (s is a scalar v and w are vectors T is a tensor dot or cross operations enclosed within parentheses are scalars, those enclosed in brackets are vectors) ![]() ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS FOR VECTORS AND TENSORS IN CARTESIAN COORDINATES l
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